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New York’s legal cannabis market was set up with high expectations when it was legalized in March 2021. State officials promised a robust, equitable marketplace designed to prioritize social justice and economic opportunity for communities most affected by past cannabis prohibitions. However, the market rollout faced significant setbacks, delaying the first legal sale until December 2022—nearly two years after the law passed.
Several challenges plagued the early stages of New York’s cannabis industry, including regulatory delays, ongoing lawsuits, and a deeply entrenched illicit market. A backlog in awarding retail licenses, a lack of infrastructure, and a limited number of retail outlets also hindered growth. By the end of 2023, just 41 licensed dispensaries were operating across the state, far fewer than many had hoped for.
However, progress has been made, and as of late 2024, the number of licensed dispensaries has grown to over 245, with many more expected to open in the coming months.
Despite these early struggles, New York’s legal cannabis market is expected to surpass $1 billion in sales by the end of 2024, signaling a shift toward stability and growth. This projection is particularly significant, as it places New York among the top cannabis markets in the U.S. in just under three years of operation, according to data from cannabis tech company Headset.
Combined, states have reported over $19 billion in tax revenue from medical and recreational cannabis sales so far, according to The Motley Fool.
Key Factors Driving Market Growth
New York’s legal cannabis market is experiencing significant growth. By late November of this year, sales reached $863 million, according to data from the Office of Cannabis Management (OCM). Projections indicate that the market will top $1 billion by the end of the year.
“These numbers clearly indicate that New York is open for business. There’s strong momentum behind the market right now,” John Kagia, policy director for the state’s Office of Cannabis Management (OCM), told the New York Post.
This surge follows a major milestone in August 2024, when sales surpassed $500 million, signaling a sharp ramp-up in demand and market activity. Another major factor behind this boost has been the state’s crackdown on the illicit market, including the launch of Gov. Kathy Hochul’s Illicit Cannabis Enforcement Task Force. The initiative targeted illegal dispensaries and resulted in the closure of over 1,000 unlicensed sellers, according to the Governor’s Office.
The crackdown appears to be paying off for legal retailers. A survey by the OCM found that sales among licensed dispensaries have more than doubled—up 105%—for those that operated before and after the closure of illicit shops.
Along with rising legal sales, the state’s cannabis industry is generating significant tax revenue. Retail sales have contributed $22 million in local taxes, including $7.9 million for New York City alone, according to state Comptroller Tom DiNapoli’s office.
On the state level, cannabis tax revenues reached $16.6 million through June 2024, and projections suggest that total state revenue will more than double that of the previous year.
Ongoing Challenges and Regulatory Hiccups
The state’s cannabis sector is gaining momentum. But the path to full success remains a complex one. Small businesses continue to advocate for the equitable treatment they were promised at the outset.
Over 3,000 permit applications are still pending, MJBizDaily reports, with the backlog expected to extend into 2025. The OCM has made efforts to streamline the process by adding 65 new staff members. However, dispensaries still face months-long delays in receiving their licenses before they can open for business.
“I’ve gotten to the finish line, and now it feels like the finish line just keeps moving further and further back,” Jeremy Riverea, a small business owner who got stuck in the waiting game last summer, told Fox5NY.
His store, Terp Bros, has since opened, but many other operators, especially small businesses, remain in limbo. Struggles with the long waiting periods and the financial strain of operating in such a slow-moving market continue, and social equity operators remain saddled with high-cost loans.
The Path Forward
John Kagia from the OCM remains optimistic about New York’s cannabis industry, noting that the state is still in its early stages with significant potential for growth.
With increased staffing and more transparent processes, the OCM aims to expedite licensing and reduce delays. However, the market remains fragile, and the state’s long-term success hinges on achieving sustainable growth, addressing regulatory challenges, and ensuring that the legal market is accessible, particularly for operators from historically marginalized communities.
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